宁夏引黄灌区畦种膜上灌水下水肥耦合对玉米生长发育和产量的影响

Effects of the Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Growth and Development and Yield of Maize Under Strip Membrane Irrigation in Maize Irrigation District in Ningxia

[目的]针对宁夏引黄灌区灌溉水资源日益缺乏与作物需水矛盾的问题,研究玉米节水灌溉最佳灌水定额与最佳肥料种类配比。[方法]采用畦种膜上灌溉,肥料用常规肥、玉米配方肥和玉米专用肥,灌溉定额为600、750、900 m3/hm2,研究不同处理对玉米生物性状及产量的影响。[结果]施用配方肥条件下,玉米株高、叶面积、干物质和产量均高于施用专用肥和常规肥,且差异显著;灌水量为900m3/hm2时玉米的生物性状及产量均高于600、750 m3/hm2灌水量处理,但灌水定额间无显著差异。[结论]玉米畦种膜上节水灌溉最佳肥水组合为玉米配方肥+600 m3/hm2灌水量,该结果可为宁夏灌区玉米节水生产提供合理灌溉与施肥依据。

[ Objective ] The aim was to study the best water-saving irrigation quota and the best proportion of fertilizers in the Ningxia irrigation area of yellow river according to the contradiction of increasingly the lack of water resources and crop water requirement. [ Method] The strip membrane irrigation was used. The kinds of fertilizers were conventional fertilizer, maize formula fertilizer and maize special-purpose fer- tilizer, respectively. The irrigation quota was 600, 750, 900 m^3/hm^2 , respectively. [ Result] The results showed that under the condition of applying maize formula fertilizer, plant height, leaf area, dry matter and yield of maize were higher than that of applying maize special-purpose fertilizer and conventional fertilizer, and the difference was significant. When amount of irrigation water was 900 m^3/hm^2, maize biological characters and yield was higher than that of amount of irrigation water 600,750 m^3/hm^2, but there were no significant difference among them. [ Conclusion] The best combination of fertilizer and water of maize strip membrane water-saving irrigation is maize formula fertilizer ＋ amount of irrigation water 600 m3/hm2 , provides a basis for reasonable irrigation and fertilization in maize water- saving production in Ningxia Irrigation District.