耳螺的研究现状与展望

Current Status and Expectation on Research for Ellobiid

耳螺(Ellobiid)是一类特殊的原始有肺类软体动物,大多嗜盐,主要分布于海陆过渡区的高潮带和潮上带。耳螺在软体动物进化史上具有特殊地位,并且因其对环境变迁和人为干扰十分敏感,可作为环境评估的重要指标种。过去2个多世纪,众多学者已经对耳螺的形态学、解剖学、分类学和生态学等开展了系统的研究。本文概述了耳螺研究的3个阶段:起步阶段(18世纪末至20世纪30年代初)、发展阶段(20世纪30年代初至70年代末)和成熟阶段(20世纪80年代至今),最后总结了耳螺研究中存在的不足,并对未来研究方向进行展望。

Ellobiid is a special group of mollusks with primitive lung.Most of them are halophilic and mainly found in high tidal and supratidal zone in the transitional zone between land and sea.Ellobiid has a unique position in the mollusk evolutionary history.They can be used as indicators in environmental assessments due to their sensitivity to environmental changes and to human disturbances.During the past two centuries,many scholars had carried out systematic research on Ellobiid,including morphology,anatomy,taxonomy and ecology.This article outlined the three study stages on the Ellobiid： initial stage（from late 18th century to early 1930s）,development stage（from early 1930s to late 1970s） and mature stage（1980s to present）.Finally,this paper points out the insufficiency of those studies and some prospects for future research on this group.