江西汉族体质特征

Physical characteristics of the Han people in Jiangxi

目的探讨江西城市、乡村汉族的体质特征。方法按照Martin、《人体测量手册》和《人体测量方法》规定的方法,2010年5月赴江西省丰城市调查了城市汉族307例(男性151例,女性156例)、乡村汉族398例(男性203例,女性195例)成人86项体质指标。结果江西汉族上眼睑皱褶率中等,有蒙古褶率较低,眼裂高度多为中等型;半数人为水平眼裂,鼻根高度中等型率最高;鼻背侧面观多为直型;颧骨突出度约一半为中等型,鼻基部多水平;鼻翼高度多为中等,鼻孔最大径多为斜位,耳垂圆形率最高;发色多为黑色,眼色多为褐色、肤色以黄色率与浅黄色率接近;鼻翼宽以中等型率最高;上唇皮肤部高度多为中等型,红唇厚度多为窄型。江西男女性均为圆头型、高头型、中头型、中面型、中鼻型。汉族城市男性与女性均为中等身材,农村男性与女性均为亚中等身材。城乡男女性均为长躯干型、中骨盆宽型、中胸型。城市男性、城市女性还为窄肩型、亚短腿型,乡村男性还为中肩型、中腿型。乡村女性还为中肩型、亚短腿型。头面部和身体高度、宽度方面的指标方面,江西汉族较接近南亚类型族群,而头面部、体部指数方面,显示江西汉族体质也受到北亚类型族群的一定影响。结论江西汉族人具有南亚类型族群的体质特征。

Objective To explore physical characteristics of urban adults and rural adults of ttan in Fengcheng of Jiangxi province. Methods According to Martin＇ s Methods, Anthropometric Methods and Anthropomorphic handbook, eighty-six physical characteristics of 307 urban adults （151 males and 156 females） and 398 rural adults （203 males and 195 females） were investigated in Fengcheng of Jiangxi province in May 2010. Results The frequency of the eye fold of the upper eyelid was medium and the mongoloid fold was low. The height of the eye slits was medium, and a halt＇ of the subjects had the eye slit at a horizontal level. The highest frequency was the nasal root height of medium-type. The most of nasal profile was straight. A half of zygomatic projection was medium. The nasal base and the height of alae nasi were level and medium-type . The maximal diameter of nostrils was oblique position. The lobe types were mostly round, ttair color was black and eye color was mostly brown. The frequency of yellow skin color was close to light yellow. The highest rate of breadth of ala nais and upper lip skin height were medium-type. Thickness of lips was mainly mean. Some types of physical characteristics of both male and female belonged to brachycephaly type, hypsicephaly type, metriocephaly type, mesoprosopy type and mesorrhiny type. Urban males and females were of middle stature,and rural males and females were sub-middle stature. Rural males and females were length of trunk, medium distance between lilac crest, medium chest circumference, narrow shoulder breadth,and subbrachyskelic type. In addition, rural males had medium shoulder breadth and mesatiskelic type. Rural females had medium shoulder breadth and subbrachyskelic type. tfan of Jiangxi was close to South Asia ethnic group in head facial,body height and width of index （such as head length, width）. The head type of face and body of the index of Han of Jiangxi were influenced by the North Asia ethnic group. Conclusion The results of cluster analysis show that the physical characteristics of Han in Jiangxi are mostly close to the South Asian type.