稻田杂草群落的变化和化除技术的进展

Advance on Fluctuation of the Commities of Weeds and Their Chemical Control Methods on Rice Field

肥床旱育、少免耕、抛秧、移栽稻扩行距缩株距等使稻田杂草总发生数量增加。在群落结构上 ,稗草、眼子菜数量下降 ,矮慈姑、野荸荠、水莎草等阔叶杂草和莎草科杂草数量上升。稻田化除技术的进展主要表现在新除草剂、一次性复配除草剂大面积的推广使用 ;难除恶性杂草化除技术的提高和除草剂新剂型的开发与应用等。长残效除草剂的药害 ,部分除草剂对水稻的隐性伤害 ,除草剂复配剂含量。

Many changes of weeds on rice fields had turned out togather with the use of agricultural methods of the raising seedling in dry and fertile nursery,minimum or zero tillage,the broadcastable seedling of rice,the transplantation,and of the increasing row and shorting hill specing etc.,which were as follows:(1)the total quantity of weeds enlarging.(2)the numble of some weeds reducing such as barnyardgrass and distinct pondweed,and increasing such as pygmy arrowhead and cate juncellus. Simultaneous,the partial techniques modified to control peracute weeds by chemicals had produced.Such as using compound herbicides once on larger area of rice fields,and developing and appling new formulations of new means to controling weeds.Some problems,unfortunately,were waited to resolve such as the persistent toxicities and the hidden harm caused by some herbicides,and the components and their proportions of compound herbicides,and so on.