“他者”视阈下“I”在惠特曼《草叶集》中的多重意象研究

The "Other" Perspective of the Multiple Images of "I" in Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass

"I"是《草叶集》中最富争议性的字眼之一。本文借助雅克?拉康的"他者"理论,从"他者"语境出发,对《草叶集》中的"I"进行剖析和解读,对"I"所蕴含的多重意象进行直观透视。因为"他者"作为一种客观存在,不仅可以代表意象本身,而且是所有欲望发生的场所,同时决定着话语的主体,所以"I"在《草叶集》里已不是简单的惠特曼"在场"的反映,而是积极融合了"他者"的"出场",即诗人惠特曼以外的"镜像"。这就使"I"具有了消解"主体"意义的功能。"主体"意义发生变异,意义本身也就被模糊和解构,"I"也就有了多重指称。

＂I＂ is one of the most controversial words in Leaves of Grass.This essay employs Jacques Lacan＇s ＂Other＂ theory,deals with the ＂Other＂ context to have an analysis of ＂I＂ in Leaves of Grass and then probes into its multiple images.As an objective phenomenon,＂Other＂ not only demonstrates the image itself,but also reveals the possible happenings of all concerned images and at the same time produces the subject of the discourse so ＂I＂ is no longer simply the reflection of Whitman＇s ＂presence＂ in his poetry,and instead combines actively the ＂out-of-presence＂ of ＂Other＂,i.e.,the ＂mirror images＂ out of Whitman himself,which is meant to neutralize the signifi cance of the ＂subject＂ through ＂I＂.Once the signifi cance of the ＂subject＂ is alienated,the significance itself will naturally be obscured and deconstructed and ＂I＂ thus has multiple images.