墨家科技思想兴衰及其启示

Enlightenment from the Rise and Fall of Mohist Scientific Thought

墨家科技思想以独立的外在自然作为科学活动的对象,注重实践经验和逻辑推理相结合、人道主义与科学精神相结合,在其学者与工匠两种知识传统的背景下进行科学实践,展现了中国古代科学另一种发展路径。然而,墨家"兼爱"与血缘宗法社会的人情心理不相容,"尚贤"主张是对传统宗法等级思想的否定,"非攻"军事思想得不到认可,这些都使墨家科技思想走向衰微。墨家科技思想所富含的科学精神可为我国当代科学文化建设提供重要借鉴。

Mohist scientific thought represented by taking the outside natural as an independent subject of science activities,emphasizing on the combination of practical experience,rational thinking and logic,integration of humanitarian and scientific spirit,show the possibility of developing the ancient Chinese science into another path.The concept of ＂universal love＂,＂impartial care＂conflicts with the psychology of human relationships by blood in the society;its idea of valuing able and virtuous personage is the negation of the traditional patriarchal clan system,and the military thought of ＂nonattack＂is not recognized.All these combined led the mohist thought of science and technology to decline.Scientific spirits in Mohist Thought of science and technology can provide important reference for the construction of contemporary science and culture in our country.