洱海捕食线虫真菌生物多样性研究

Study on the Biological Diversity of Nematode-trapping Fungi in Erhai Lake

[目的]调查洱海底泥中捕食线虫真菌生物多样性。[方法]采集洱海底泥616份,应用传统的分类鉴定方法分离、纯化和鉴定。[结果]共分离鉴定3属22种捕食线虫真菌,其中少孢节丛孢、弯孢节丛孢和长孢隔指孢为优势种,检出率分别为28.05%、16.04%和8.92%。通过对4个季节捕食线虫真菌多样性分析,发现夏、春和秋3季的生物多样性较丰富,多样性指数分别为2.59、2.47和2.34,冬季多样性指数较低,为1.48。在所分离到的捕食线虫真菌中,产黏性菌网的菌种占优势(41.00%)。[结论]洱海中存在丰富的捕食线虫真菌资源,其生物多样性具有季节性变化的特点,产黏性菌网的捕食线虫真菌为洱海中捕食线虫真菌的优势种群。

[Objective] The research aimed to investigate the biological diversity of nematode-trapping fungi in the sediment of Erhai Lake.[Method] 616 pieces of sediments were collected from Erhai Lake.The traditional identification method was used to isolate,purify and identify.[Result] 3 genera and 22 species of nematode-trapping fungi were isolated.Arthrobotrys oligospora,A.musiformis and Dactylella leptospora were the predominant species,and their detection rates were 28.05%,16.04% and 8.92% respectively.By analyzing the diversity of nematode-trapping fungi in four seasons,it was found that the biological diversity was richer in summer,spring and autumn,and the diversity indexes were 2.59,2.47 and 2.34 respectively.The diversity index in winter was 1.48 and was lower.In the separated nematode-trapping fungi,the species which formed the viscous net were predominant（41.00%）.[Conclusion] The rich nematode-trapping fungi resource existed in Erhai Lake,and its biological diversity had the seasonal variation characteristic.The nematode-trapping fungi which formed the viscous net were the predominant species in Erhai Lake.