遥感与GIS在蝗虫灾害防治研究中的应用进展

PROGRESS IN APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TO THE STUDY OF LOCUST PREVENTION AND CONTROL

蝗虫是给农作物和草场造成严重危害的昆虫。长期以来，蝗虫的灭治一直依靠化学药剂喷洒，生物防治还处于刚刚起步阶段。从２０ 世纪７０ 年代起，就已在北非、澳大利亚等地，开始应用卫星遥感图像Ｌａｎｄｓａｔ／ＭＳＳ、ＴＭ 及ＮＯＡＡ／ＡＶＨＲＲ对蝗虫栖息、生长和繁殖的生境进行监测，研究蝗虫生境的绿度，以推断可能发生蝗灾的区域。进入２０ 世纪９０ 年代以来，遥感技术与地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）技术的结合，在蝗虫的监测中正得到日益广泛的应用。扼要论述了这些方面的研究进展。

Locust is one kind of the insects to harm agricultural crops and forage grass. Until now, the major way to prevent and control the damages from locust is to carry out spray with insecticide. From 1970s' the satellite imagery such as Landsat/MSS, TM and NOAA/AVHRR have been applied in monitoring of the habitats for locust resting, growing and breeding as well as in the study of greenness of locust habitats in many regions in the world such as Northern Africa and Australia. As a result, the potential breeding sites for locust were inferred. Since 1990s' a combination of remote sensing and GIS techniques has been more and more accepted in the locust monitoring. The major progress in this research field and in recent years is presented in this paper.