由“硬”和平到“软”和平——论二战后澳大利亚的对日战略

From the "Hard" Peace to the "Soft" Peace:An Observation of Australia's Strategy to Japan after the Second World War

澳大利亚是一个在太平洋战争期间遭受日本侵略的国家。战后初期,澳大利亚主张对日实施惩罚性措施,使其军国主义不至于死灰复燃,即所谓的"硬"和平。然而,美国在处置战后日本问题上的近乎垄断作用、亚洲冷战局面的加剧以及澳大利亚渴望与美国缔结安全防务条约,使得澳方不得不接受美国主导的对日"软"和平条约。澳大利亚对日战略的这一转变标志着现实主义逐步取代理想主义,成为其外交和防务战略的一个基本指导思想。

Australia was invaded by Japan during the Pacific War.In the early period after the war,Australia advocated a punitive measure to Japan in order to curtail the resurgence of its militarism,which was called the ＂hard＂ peace.However,America＇s role,which was almost a monopoly in dealing with the problem of Japan after the war,the intensification of the cold war in Asia,and Australia＇s thirst for the treaty of security and defense with America,all of which made Australia to accept the ＂soft＂ peace treaty with Japan led by America.This fundamental turnabout in Australia＇s strategy to Japan means that realism as the substitute of idealism would become a basic principle of its diplomatic and defensive strategy.