关于安乐死合法化的思考

Reflection on the Legitimization of Euthanasia

普遍的观点认为，安乐死在形式上是非法的，其实质的合法性也有很大的争议。从宪法学角度讲，安乐死合法化来自于宪法所保护的生命权，但这无法解释为什么没有罹患重病的人就不能实施安乐死；从民法学角度讲，安乐死合法化来自于生命权包括生命利益支配权的理论，但这既不符合支配权的传统理论，也会使医方陷于因不帮助患者安乐死而侵犯患者权利的境地：从刑法学角度讲．安乐死非罪性来自于其不满足犯罪的本质特征、同时却构成违法性阻却事由，但这无法将安乐死与帮助自杀有效区别。因此，不管从法学理论准备还是从医疗技术基础来讲。我国都还不具备安乐死合法化的条件。

It is generally believed that euthanasia is illegal in form, and its legality in essence is controversial. From constitutional standpoint, its legality results from the right to life protected by the Constitution, which doesn＇t explain why those who are not suffering from serious illness couldn＇t be euthanized. From the perspective of civil law, its legality comes from the theory of the right to disagrees with the traditional theory of the right to control, rights of patients for not helping them euthanize. From the because it doesn＇t meet the nature of the crime, at the same life, including the right to and meanwhile makes the control life interest, which doctors infringe upon the perspective of criminal law, it is not a kind of crime time they have constitute ground for elimination of illegality, which can＇t distinguish euthanasia from help suicide effectively. Therefore, it is not the right time to make euthanasia legitimate in terms of legal theory and medical technology in China.