摘要
The effects of supplemental carbohydrate （CHO） sources on milk yield and composition, nitrogen （N） balance,and ruminal fermentation were evaluated in lactating dairy cows fed energy-deficient total mixed rations （TMR） . Fifty-six lactating Holstein cows （36. 8 ± 3. 4 kg / d of milk yield; 152 ± 26 days in milk [DIM]） were randomly assigned to one of four diets： （1） basal TMR （control） ; （2） basal TMR ＋ 1. 25 kg / d sucrose （SUC） ; （3） basal TMR ＋ 2. 12 kg /d steam-flaked corn （SFC） ; （4） basal TMR ＋ 2. 23 kg / d wheat （WHE） . The trial lasted 70 days,including the first 10 days of adaptation. Simultaneously, a 4 × 4 Latin square trial was conducted with four ruminally cannulated cows of similar DMI （Dry Matter Intake） fed on the above four diets. Each testing period lasted 18 days： 15 days for adaptation and 3 days for sampling. Cows fed SUC-,SFC-,and WHE-supplemented diets produced 1. 6,2. 9,and 0. 8 kg / d,respectively,more milk than those on the basal TMR control diet,but the difference was not significant （P = 0. 160） . However,the production of energy-corrected milk of cows fed CHO-supplemented diets improved significantly （P = 0. 020） ,and the yield of 4% fatcorrected milk tended to be higher （P = 0. 063） than in control animals. Percentages of milk protein,lactoseand solids-not-fat （SNF） increased significantly in cows fed CHO-supplemented diets （P 〈 0. 05） ,and yields of milk protein and SNF were significantly higher （P 〈0. 05） ; yields of milk fat and lactose were somewhat higher （P 〈 0. 10） . Cows receiving supplementary CHO diets consumed more DM （Dry Matter） （P = 0. 023） ; however,there was no significant difference in N retention,digestibility,or utilization efficiency among the treatments （P 〉 0. 10） . The average ruminal pH was lowest in cows supplemented with SUC,while that in cows supplemented with SFC and WHE was only slightly reduced （P = 0. 025） . Ruminal NH 3 -N concentration was highest with no supplementary CHO （P = 0. 017） ,and changes in postfeeding time were similar across the diets. Total volatile fatty acid concentration was significantly lower in control animals than in those on SUCand WHE-supplemented diets （P = 0. 001） ; significant dietary responses were observed in the concentrations of acetate,butyrate,and branchedchain fatty acids and in the acetate-to-propionate ratio （P 〈0. 001） . These results indicate that supplementation with different CHO sources in energy-deficient diets substantially improved the balance of energy and N in the rumen,altered ruminal fermentation,and improved lactation performance in dairy cows.
The effects of supplemental carbohydrate （CHO） sources on milk yield and composition, nitrogen （N） balance,and ruminal fermentation were evaluated in lactating dairy cows fed energy-deficient total mixed rations （TMR） . Fifty-six lactating Holstein cows （36. 8 ± 3. 4 kg / d of milk yield; 152 ± 26 days in milk [DIM]） were randomly assigned to one of four diets： （1） basal TMR （control） ; （2） basal TMR ＋ 1. 25 kg / d sucrose （SUC） ; （3） basal TMR ＋ 2. 12 kg /d steam-flaked corn （SFC） ; （4） basal TMR ＋ 2. 23 kg / d wheat （WHE） . The trial lasted 70 days,including the first 10 days of adaptation. Simultaneously, a 4 × 4 Latin square trial was conducted with four ruminally cannulated cows of similar DMI （Dry Matter Intake） fed on the above four diets. Each testing period lasted 18 days： 15 days for adaptation and 3 days for sampling. Cows fed SUC-,SFC-,and WHE-supplemented diets produced 1. 6,2. 9,and 0. 8 kg / d,respectively,more milk than those on the basal TMR control diet,but the difference was not significant （P = 0. 160） . However,the production of energy-corrected milk of cows fed CHO-supplemented diets improved significantly （P = 0. 020） ,and the yield of 4% fatcorrected milk tended to be higher （P = 0. 063） than in control animals. Percentages of milk protein,lactoseand solids-not-fat （SNF） increased significantly in cows fed CHO-supplemented diets （P 〈 0. 05） ,and yields of milk protein and SNF were significantly higher （P 〈0. 05） ; yields of milk fat and lactose were somewhat higher （P 〈 0. 10） . Cows receiving supplementary CHO diets consumed more DM （Dry Matter） （P = 0. 023） ; however,there was no significant difference in N retention,digestibility,or utilization efficiency among the treatments （P 〉 0. 10） . The average ruminal pH was lowest in cows supplemented with SUC,while that in cows supplemented with SFC and WHE was only slightly reduced （P = 0. 025） . Ruminal NH 3 -N concentration was highest with no supplementary CHO （P = 0. 017） ,and changes in postfeeding time were similar across the diets. Total volatile fatty acid concentration was significantly lower in control animals than in those on SUCand WHE-supplemented diets （P = 0. 001） ; significant dietary responses were observed in the concentrations of acetate,butyrate,and branchedchain fatty acids and in the acetate-to-propionate ratio （P 〈0. 001） . These results indicate that supplementation with different CHO sources in energy-deficient diets substantially improved the balance of energy and N in the rumen,altered ruminal fermentation,and improved lactation performance in dairy cows.
基金
supported by an earmarked fund for the Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System and National Natural Science Foundation of China (30901030)
