多维的矛盾:中国图瓦人的族群建构差异

MULTIDIMENSIONAL CONFLICTS:LAYERED DIFFERENCES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE TUVA IN CHINA

族群进行的"划界"行动是在特定社会历史条件下族群精英因应某种利好利用学术精英的研究成果及族群文化实践而在族群内外展开的族群建构行动。20世纪七十年代末以来中国图瓦人的"图瓦人"族群建构肇始于学术精英对其族源的研究以及外界的持续关注,并在族群精英、地方政府以及文化精英等的助推下延伸到了普通大众。为期一年的参与观察及问卷调查证明:中国图瓦人的族群建构有着明显的区域、性别、年龄等维度上的层次差异,并因族群建构中去蒙古化乃至试图通过国家层面吁求"图瓦族"民族身份的确认而引发了族群内外的多维矛盾。

In this article,the author thinks that ethnic boundary-making within and beyond an ethnic community is a dividing and constructing action ethnic elites conduct by drawing on both academic findings and cultural practice for community interests under certain socio-historical circumstances.The construction of the Tuva community in China since the late 1970s generated from the academic research of the origin of the Tuva that its intellectuals carried out and persistent external concern,which has been extended to the grassroots population via the ethnic promotion by ethnic elites,local governments and intellectuals.Through one year's participant observation and survey,the author finds that the construction of the Tuva has been affected by region,gender and age,which is complicated by the de-Mongolianization and the appeal to the recognition of the Tuva nationality at the state level.