施硒对两种类型玉米硒元素分配及产量、品质的影响

Effects of applying selenium on selenium allocation,grain yield,and grain quality of two maize cultivars

通过盆栽试验,以普通玉米品种郑单958(ZD958)和糯玉米品种京紫糯218(JN218)为试验材料,研究了不同硒水平(0、10、25、50mg·kg-1)下,玉米植株各器官对硒的分配和转运差异以及硒对玉米产量和籽粒品质的影响.结果表明:低含量(≤10mg·kg-1)硒促进了玉米生长,植株生物量和籽粒产量均显著增加;高含量(≥25mg·kg-1)硒抑制了玉米生长,植株干物质积累量减少,籽粒产量和品质下降.施硒显著提高了玉米植株各器官的硒含量,硒在各器官的分配为根系>叶片>茎秆>叶鞘,两种类型玉米各器官硒含量均与土壤硒含量呈显著正相关.JN218在自然低硒土壤环境中具有较强的硒富集能力,而ZD958在10mg·kg-1硒水平下硒积累量高于JN218.如果以籽粒和地上部营养器官的硒积累量为评价标准,自然低硒(0.25mg·kg-1)或高硒(25mg·kg-1)土壤适宜种植JN218,而富硒(10mg·kg-1)或硒污染(50mg·kg-1)土壤适宜种植ZD958.

A pot experiment with conventional maize cultivar ZD958 and glutinous maize cultivar JN218 was conducted to study the effects of applying different concentrations （0,10,25 and 50 mg·kg-1） of selenium （Se） on the Se allocation in plant organs,grain yield,and its quality.At low concentrations （≤10 mg·kg-1）,Se stimulated maize growth,and increased biomass accumulation and grain yield significantly.At high concentrations （≥25 mg·kg-1）,Se inhibited maize growth,and decreased dry mass accumulation,grain yield,and its quality.The Se concentration in plant organs was in the order of root leaf stalk sheath.The Se concentrations in plant organs had a positive correlation with the Se concentration in soil.Comparing with ZD958,JN218 could accumulate more Se in natural low-Se environment,but enrich lesser Se in the environment with 10 mg·kg-1 of Se.Taking the Se accumulation amount in grain and aboveground vegetative organs as the standard for evaluation,JN218 was more available planted on natural low-Se （0.25 mg·kg-1） soil or high-Se （25 mg·kg-1） soil,while ZD958 was appropriate planted on Se-rich （10 mg·kg-1） soil or Se-polluted （50 mg·kg-1） soil.