自然条件下福寿螺繁殖特性

Characteristics of Pomacea canaliculata reproduction under natural conditions

为了弄清福寿螺在自然条件下的繁殖特性,在湖南省资兴市水稻田内进行了为期3年的人工养殖试验.结果表明:福寿螺在湘南自然条件下1年可发生不完全3代.第1代、第2代和第3代(越冬代)雌螺的平均性成熟期分别为59.3、45.4和213.0d.雄螺的平均性成熟期比雌螺早4.3d.福寿螺的自然性比(♀:♂)为1.54:1.每次交配持续时间平均为19.2h,但并非每次交配后都会产卵.田间福寿螺月产卵块数与月平均气温呈显著正相关(r=0.756).福寿螺卵块的平均孵化期(d)与日平均气温(℃)呈显著负相关(r=-0.980),其线性回归方程为y=-0.726x+23.064.福寿螺卵块的平均孵化期为20.7d,平均孵化率为44.1%.雌螺与雄螺的平均寿命分别为2.40和1.98a.平均每头雌螺一生可产卵13764粒,可繁殖幼螺6070头.

A three-year breeding experiment was conducted in a paddy field in Zixing City of Hunan Province,South-central China to study the characteristics of golden apple snail （Pomacea canaliculata） reproduction under natural conditions.Under the natural conditions in southern Hunan Province,the snails could approximately reproduce three generations per year.The average sexual maturity periods of the first,the second,and the third generation of the female snails were 59.3,45.4 and 213.0 days,respectively,and those of the male snails were 4.3 days earlier than the females＇.The natural sex ratio of the females to the males was 1.54：1.The average copulation duration was 19.2 hours,but spawning did not always occur after each time of copulation.The number of the egg masses produced by the females per month was significantly positively correlated with the mean monthly air temperature （r=0.756）,while the average incubation duration of the egg masses was significantly negatively correlated with the daily air temperature （y=-0.726x＋23.064,r=-0.980）.The average incubation time of the egg masses was 20.7 days,average incubation rate was 44.1%,and the average life expectancy of the female and male snails was 2.40 and 1.98 years,respectively.A female snail in its lifetime could averagely spawn 13764 eggs and reproduce 6070 young snails.