无牙颌颌位记录的临床方法

The clinical record method for the jaw relation of edentulous arches

无牙颌颌位关系记录的目的是正确确定患者的正中关系位,以期在此位置上通过全口义齿重新建立良好的咬合关系。颌位关系记录内容包括垂直关系与水平关系2部分。对于垂直关系,临床上一般通过记录患者面下1/3垂直距离来确定。当患者下颌位于息止颌位时,髁突位于关节窝中央略向前下,咀嚼肌处于均衡放松状态,临床上一般通过测量息止颌位垂直距离来确定正中关系位垂直距离。在临床上医师通常在记录垂直关系的同时进行水平颌位关系的记录。本文通过图文并茂方式详细描述了颌位关系记录的几种临床常用方法。

The aim of jaw relation record is to determine the suitable relationship,according to which the occlusion will be rebuilt by the new complete denture for edentulous patients.This jaw relation includes both the vertical and the horizontal relations between the maxilla and mandible.When the mandible is at rest after talking,swallowing or chewing,it assumes a relation called the vertical dimension of rest to the maxilla.The muscles of mastication are in equilibrium and the condyles are in a neutral and unstrained position.This is a postural relation of mandible to the maxilla and is reasonably consistent.Vertical rest dimension is of value to the dentists as a means for locating the vertical dimension for occlusion.In clinic,dentists usually record the horizontal relationship of maxilla and mandible by asking patients to bite the wax occlusal rims at the same time.Several clinical methods are described in detail and lavishly illustrated with many excellent photographic illustrations in this article.