致贤用才 科举先声——葛洪的人才观与考试观辨析

Talent Selecting and First Signs of Imperial Examination——An Analysis on Ge Hong’s Talent and Test Concept

人才观与考试观,属于广义的考试文化范畴。本文从科举学的视角,辨析葛洪的人才观与考试观的内涵、特征、地位与影响。葛洪认为,治国以致贤任能为首务,用才取士不可以不精择、详试,考试选才可励勤学、绝人事因缘。从考试文化的历史演变来看,葛洪有关人才价值与标准、选才原则与途径、考试功能与方法的系统论述,成为隋唐科举考试之先声。其独具一格的人才观与考试观,在科举文化史上占有重要地位,对于当今考试文化建设亦有一定的启发意义。

The talent concept and the test concept belong to the category of generalized examination culture. This study analyzes the concept, characteristics, position and influence of Ge Hong＇ s talent concept and test concept from the perspective of Study of Imperial Examination. Ge Hong believes that attracting and appointing talent is the first task to manage a country. When choosing a person for a job, the person should be tested carefully. Selecting talent by an examination will encourage learning and cut off the human relationship. From the perspective of historical evolution of examination culture, Ge Hong＇ s systematic discussion about the talent value and standard, selection principles and approaches, test function and method were the first signs of Imperial Examination in the period of Sui and Tang dynasty. His unique talent concept and test concept played an important role in Imperial Examination cultural history., and inspired certain significance for today＇ s examination culture construction.