河南省花生品种品质演变趋势分析

Analysis of the Quality's Evolution Trend of the Varieties of Peanut Released by Henan Province

对河南省1983-2010年育成的63个花生品种的籽粒品质演变趋势进行分析,结果表明:1983-2010年间河南省育成花生品种的籽粒脂肪含量在46.64%～57.45%,花生脂肪含量从1997年开始呈缓慢增加趋势,高油品种数量明显增加,其中2000年以后育成的高油品种占1983-2010年间育成高油品种的83.33%;籽粒蛋白质含量在19.27%～31.1%,1983-1996年间育成花生品种的籽粒蛋白质含量呈增加趋势,1996年后,育成品种的蛋白含量呈逐年降低的趋势,但年际间变化不大;油亚比(O/L)在0.88～1.96,1995-2005年间育成的普通花生品种油亚比(O/L)缓慢增长但仍较低,2008年始油亚比(O/L)大幅增加,而珍珠豆型花生品种油亚比(O/L)变动不大且水平较低。综合分析得出,河南省高油花生品种有所突破,花生品种的油亚比近年来有所提高,但需继续提高,高蛋白质花生育种有待加强。

By analyzing the quality evolution trend of 63 peanut varieties released by Henan pro-vince from 1983 to 2010,it was found that the peanut fat content,ranging between 46.64% and 57.45%,showed a slowly increasing trend after 1997.The cultivars of high-oil peanuts released after 2000 accounted for 83.33% from 1983 to 2010,with a significant increase;peanut protein content between 19.27% and 31.1% showed a increasing trend from 1983 to 1996 and a decreasing trend after 1996;The oleic/linoleic acid（O/L） ratio of common peanuts（between 0.88 and 1.96） slowly raised from 1995 to 2005,while hovering at the low level,and showed a significantly upward trend since 2008.However,Spanish-type peanuts maintained a low O/L ratio during the research period.The survey analysis showed that,in summary,the high-oil peanut varieties released by Henan province had a breakthrough progress in recent years,with a great increase of the O/L ratio,but still remained to improve,while the development of high-protein peanuts variety needed to be further enhanced.