某冶炼企业作业工人尿砷和血铅检测及临床观察

Clinical observation and detection of urinary arsenic and blood lead levels in workers of a smelting enterprise

目的通过检测企业职工的尿砷和血铅含量及对超标者进行临床观察、治疗,了解工作环境中砷、铅对职工身体健康状况的影响。方法采集某冶炼厂一线作业工人的169份尿液和血液,用湿法消解-原子荧光法和石墨炉原子吸收光谱法分别进行尿砷和血铅含量捡测。结果 169名工人中,有25例尿中砷含量增高,45例血中铅含量增高,其中14例尿砷和血铅检测结果同时增高,分别占体检人数的14.79%、26.63%、8.28%。且男性血铅异常百分率明显高于女性(P<0.01)。部分砷、铅超标工人出现头昏、腰背酸痛、全身乏力、精神睡眠差、胃肠消化道症状及血、尿常规、肝功异常。结论该企业生产环境中砷、铅已对职工身体健康造成一定影响,应加强作业环境监测,改善劳动条件,提高工人的职业防护意识。

[Objective]Through the detect of the levels of arsenic in urine and lead in blood of workers in a smelting enterprise,to understand the effect of arsenic and lead in the working environment on the health of workers[Methods]A total of 169 urine and blood samples of the first-line production workers were collected for the detection of urinary arsenic and blood lead levels by using the wet digestion-atomic fluorescence spectrometry and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry respectively.[Results]Of 169 first-line production workers,25 worker＇s urinary arsenic levels were over standard,45 worker＇s blood lead levels exceeded standard,among them,14 workers＇ urinary arsenic and blood lead levels were both over standard.The percentages were 14.79%,26.63%,8.28% respectively.And the male lead abnormal percentage was higher than that of female obviously（P0.01）.Some workers with abnormal urinary arsenic and blood lead levels had the symptoms of dizziness,backaches,malaise,sleeplessness,gastrointestinal tract symptoms,and the abnormal results of blood,urine,liver function examinations.[Conclusion]The existed arsenic and lead in the working environment of the enterprise have already affected the health of the workers.It is necessary to enhance the monitoring of the working environment,to improve the working conditions,and raise workers＇ awareness of the occupational protection.