慢性心力衰竭患者膳食调查及分析

Nutrition Survey and Analysis for 45 Cases of Chronic Heart Failure Patiens

目的:了解慢性心力衰竭患者膳食营养素的摄入情况以及各种膳食营养素的比例、来源是否合理,以指导患者饮食,合理改善膳食结构。方法:随机选择重庆市新桥医院心内科和心外科慢性心力衰竭的患者45例,运用连续3d 24h膳食回顾法记录患者早、中、晚3餐及3餐外的进食情况(包括水)。运用SPSS18.0统计软件进行分析,与中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs)及中国营养学会推荐的平衡膳食宝塔为标准进行比较。结果:慢性心力衰竭患者粮谷类、蔬菜类、蛋类、奶类、豆类、鱼虾类、油脂类摄入量低于DRIs,但水果类、畜禽肉类摄入量高于DRIs;调查对象能量、脂肪、蛋白质、碳水化合物的的摄入量均低于DRIs,但其在能量营养素来源分布中的比例却较合理;除铁外,心力衰竭患者微量元素和维生素摄入明显低于DRIs。钠和水的摄入量明显低于DRIs符合心衰患者营养治疗原则。结论:45例心力衰竭患者膳食结构存在不合理的地方需要加强营养指导。

【Objective】To understand the chronic heart failure（CHF） patiens＇ intakes of nutrients and the rationality of their proportion and source to coordinate nutritional treatment and improve dietary structure.【Method】A total of 45 cases of CHF were investigated by the 24h dietary recalling method,the data were analyzed by SPSS18.0 and the results were evaluated according to Dietary Reference Intakes（DRIs） and Balanced Meal Pagoda in China.【Result】The level of intakes of food grains,vegetables,eggs,milk,beans,fish and prawn,oil are insufficient,but the intakes of fruits,meat and poultry were lower than DRIs.Otherwise,the level of intakes of energy,protein,fat,carbohydrate were lower than DRIs,but its proportion in energy nutrients produce was relatively reasonable.Except iron,level of intakes of minerals and vitamins were lower than DRIs.The level of intakes of sodium and water was lower than DRIs,but it was accorded with nutritional therapeutic principle of CHF patiens.【Conclusion】The dietary structure of 45 cases of CHF patiens was obviously unreasonable and it was necessary to strengthen nutrition guidance.