超越村庄:汉人区域社会研究述评

Beyond the Village:A Review on the Research about the Han People Area-Society

区域社会研究因超越村落分析模式而出现,主要涉及市场层级社会、祭祀圈与信仰圈社会、水利社会、某一"核心价值"较突显的区域社会等若干领域。本文分析了区域社会研究产生的背景,诸理论模式的内涵、争论的焦点、存在的问题及彼此间的系谱关联,概括出关乎各种区域社会运转的一般逻辑:借以某种独特的社会事实或文化机制,整个区域社会被组织起来并维持运转。区域社会不仅是客观的自然环境与人类互动的结果,同时也是不同人群文化协商的结果。

For avoiding the limitation of village research model, several valuable theoretical models about the area-society had been developed in the Han society study. The area-society roughly includes some types, such as the level-markets society, the worship-circle and belief-circle society, the irrigation society, and the societies with one kind of core value. This paper analyses the origins of the area-society study, and discovers these theoretical models' content, focus of debate, problems and limitation, and close pedigree associations. After generalizing various theoretical models from anthropological perspective, the paper can draw a conclution that the area-society is organized and operated by an unique 'faits sociaux totaux' or cultural mechanism. The area-society is not only a result of the interaction between human and the natural environment, but also a result of cultural negotiation from different human groups.