高原山鹑越冬后期日节律及行为观察

Diurnal Behavior of Wintering Tibetan Partridge Perdix hodgsoniae

2010年3～4月,在四川省稻城县对高原山鹑Perdix hodgsoniae越冬后期的昼间行为进行了初步观察,包括其活动规律、时间分配、日行为节律、群体解散过程、社群行为、交配行为、天敌及反捕行为等,并与近缘种及相关研究进行了对比。其活动时间分配如下:取食占69.31%±2.33%,休整占20.06%±2.26%,防卫占7.10%±0.71%,移动占3.53%±0.47%。每日10:00～14:00、15:00～16:00为高原山鹑取食行为的高峰,清晨、傍晚以及中午14:00～15:00为取食行为的低谷;休整行为的节律与之相反,清晨和傍晚是休整的高峰,中午为小高峰;清晨、傍晚及中午14:00～15:00防卫行为的频率稍高。高原山鹑群体大小为(11.39±0.97)只(1～30,n=41),群体间具有领域行为,相互间有攻击行为。群体自3月末开始逐渐解散。最早观察到的交配行为是在3月22日,多发生在上午和中午。

Wintering flocks of Tibetan partridge Perdix hodgsoniae were studied on their diurnal behavior in Daocheng,Sichuan province,from March to April,2010.The largest proportion of their day time were spent on feeding（69.31%±2.33%）,followed by resting（20.06%±2.26%）,guarding（7.10%±0.71%） and moving（3.53%±0.47%）.There were two peaks during their feeding period：one was from 11：00 to 14：00,and the other was from 15：00 to 16：00.Less feeding behaviors were observed in early morning,dusk,and in the midday from 14：00 to 15：00.The rhythm of their resting was almostly the opposite to feeding,which two peaks were presented in early morning and dusk.Guarding time was more frequent at 14：00 to 15：00 during the day.The moving activity did not change obviously throughout the day.The group size was 11.39±0.97（range 1-30,n=41）.The flock of Tibetan partridge broke up from late-March.Copulation behavior usually happened in the morning or midday,and was firstly observed on March 22.