黑龙江省东部矿区鸟类群落多样性的比较分析

A Comparative Analysis of Avian Diversity in the Mining Areas in the East of Heilongjiang Province

2007年12月至2009年2月,采用样线法和样方法对黑龙江东部4个主要矿区(鸡西、鹤岗、双鸭山和七台河矿区)的鸟类群落多样性进行了调查,共记录到鸟类16目36科107种。其中古北种50种,东洋种11种,广布种46种;留鸟22种,夏候鸟64种,冬候鸟1种,旅鸟20种;国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类1种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类13种。4个矿区中以鸡西矿区的鸟类多样性和均匀性最高,鹤岗最低,这与煤矸石的堆积、采矿方式,以及矿区生境类型、植被演替等有关。在植被演替的不同阶段鸟类多样性存在差异,处于演替中期的针阔混交林中鸟类多样性最高,处于演替早期的阔叶林最低。

The research on avian community in 4 mining areas（including Jixi,Hegang,Shuangyashan and Qitaihe mining areas） in the east of Heilongjiang province was conducted by the survey methods of line transect and plot samplings from December 2007 to February 2009.Totally,107 species belonging to 36 families and 16 orders of birds were recorded,among which 50 species belonged to Palearctic,11 species to Oriental realm,and 46 species to widespread.22 species were residents,64 were summer migrants,1 was winter migrant,and 20 were wanderers.1 species was National Class Ⅰ protected bird,13 were National Class Ⅱ protected.The diversity and evenness index were the highest in Jixi mining area,and the lowest in Hegang mining area,which is possibly related to the accumulation of coal gangue,mining methods,habitat type and plant succession.Avian diversity was the highest in conifer-broadleaf forest which was in the middle stage of succession,and was the lowest in broadleaf forest which was in the early stage of succession.