退田还湖对洞庭湖湿地鸟类的影响

Influence of Lake Recovery on Bird Communities in Donting Lake Wetlands

对洞庭湖湿地退田还湖前后湿地鸟类群落结构进行对比分析,阐述了湿地鸟类群落结构的变化趋势。洞庭湖湿地鸟类群落结构的变化表明,鸟类的数量在退田还湖后明显上升,与1992年洞庭湖湿地鸟类名录相比增加2目16科174种,尤其是雁鸭类、鹬鸻类、隼类和鸣禽的种数增加迅速。优势种退田还湖前只有32种,退田还湖后增加到74种。不同的湖区因生态环境异质性,退田还湖前后鸟类的群落结构也有差异,在记录的312种鸟类中,其中东洞庭湖分布有297种,南洞庭湖164种,西洞庭湖217种,共有鸟类138种,东洞庭湖特有鸟类较多(48种)。经调查,退田还湖(垸)区鸟类群落结构变化更为明显,青山垸分布13目33科77种,西畔山洲垸分布8目20科37种,两垸共有鸟种33种,青山垸特有鸟类有41种,西畔山洲垸5种。

The comparative study of bird community structure in the Dongting Lake wetlands showed that birds were apparently increased in quantity after returning reclaimed farmland to lake.174 new species,16 new families and 2 new orders were recording from 1992 to 2010.Wild waterfowls,waders,raptors,and passerines were the major bird groups.Dominant species increased from 32 species to 74 species before and after returning reclaimed farmland to lake.Due to the heterogeneity of environment in different lake areas,the changes of bird community structure were different before and after returning reclaimed farmland to lake.Among 312 species recorded in all regions,297 species were found in East Dongting Lake,164 species in South Dongting Lake and 217 species in West Dongting Lake.138 species were common in these regions.The special species in East Dongting Lake were larger（48 species）.Through investigation,the changes of bird community structure in hilly regions after returning reclaimed farmland to lake were especially apparent with 77 species belonging to 33 families under 13 orders,and 37 species belonging to 20 families under 8 orders in Qingshan hilly region and in Xibanshanzhou hilly region,respectively.33 common species have been recorded in the two hilly regions.41 and 5 special species were found in Qingshan and Xibanshanzhou hilly regions,respectively.