高等学校规划性分类研究——基于美国与英国的比较

A Comparative Study of Constructed Classification of Higher Education Institutions between US and UK

高等学校的分类可以分为描述性分类和规划性分类。美国加州高等教育总体规划与英国高等教育二元制均为规划性分类的典型代表,前者取得显著成效至今仍在发挥作用,后者于20世纪90年代初终结。对这两种出台背景和时间相似而执行效果却截然不同的规划性分类方案进行比较,发现二者在制定路径和政策权益导向上存在区别。制定高校规划性分类应遵循自下而上的路径,且关键是要有正确合理的政策权益导向。

Classification of institutions of higher education can be divided into descriptive classification and constructed classification.The Master Plan for Higher Education of California and the Binary System in British Higher Education are typical representatives of constructed classification.The former has obtained remarkable effectiveness and greatly promoted the development of education as yet,however,the latter ended up in the early 1990s.By comparing the two constructed classifications with similar background and distinctive effect,this paper finds out that there are some differences in the paths of establishing the classifications,and the policy equity orientations.The constructed classification of higher education institutions should follow a path of establishing classification which is from bottom to top,and the key is to have a right and reasonable policy equity orientation.