劳动力市场“去管制化”与“知识失业”

"Deregulation" in the Labor Market and "Educated Unemployment"

文章从劳动力市场"去管制化"出发,提出对中国"知识失业"现象的解释。理论模型发现,随着劳动力流动和工资"去管制化",受教育人口不断增加,与之伴随的则是"知识失业"的出现和增加。但当劳动力市场进一步"去管制化",知识失业率在增加到一定程度后开始下降。因此,"知识失业"是劳动力市场"去管制化"的结果,"知识失业"的出现在一定程度上是暂时的、阶段性的,继续推进劳动力市场改革,"知识失业"现象就会减少甚至消弭。微观数据实证分析证实,劳动力流动"去管制化"和工资"去管制化"都是2002年样本劳动力市场出现"知识失业"的原因,2009年样本劳动力流动"去管制化"仍是"知识失业"出现的重要原因,但工资"去管制化"效应不再显著。

This paper tempts to provide a new explanation for China's 'educated unemployment' phenomena.Our established theoretical model finds that along with the deregulation of labor mobility,looseness of wage control and the growth of the educated there is a rise of 'educated unemployment'.However,with further easing of labor market regulation,'educated unemployment rate' will then begin to decline.The paper shows that early relaxing the control of labor market results in 'educated unemployment',and this increase of 'educated unemployment' is only temporary and periodical.With advancing the reform of labor market,the 'educated unemployment' phenomenon will reduce or even fade out.Empirical analysis has showed that to the 'educated unemployment rate',labor mobility and wage control deregulations are all significant in 2002 samples,but in 2009 samples only labor mobility deregulation remains significant.