黄河三角洲高效生态区生态补偿制度研究

Research of Policy of Environment Compensation of Yellow River Delta

实施生态补偿制度是保障黄河三角洲高效生态区可持续发展的基础。该文在明晰黄河三角洲高效生态区生态补偿原则和利益相关方各自的责任和义务的基础上,提出并设计了黄河三角洲高效生态区生态补偿平台建设思路和生态补偿运行机制。生态补偿平台建设主要包括:建立由政府主导的生态补偿交易市场平台;建立以生态补偿保险、生态补偿期货、互助基金、证券化交易为主要内容的生态补偿风险保障平台;建立以相关独立认证和监测(检测)、资产评估、审计、代理等机构组成的生态补偿交易中介服务平台;建立生态补偿监管平台。生态补偿运行机制需要将法制建设、财政扶持、税收调节和保障措施等系统化:推进《生态补偿法》、《黄河三角洲高效生态区补偿协定》的制定;完善并建立中央财政转移支付、财政转移制度纵向化、"环境财政"等制度;改革创新区域或专项税收制度;构建完备的生态补偿评估、考核、监督管理体系,等等。

The implementation of ecological compensation system is the foundation of guaranteeing the sustainable development of efficient biota of the Yellow River Delta. On the basis of clarifying the ecological compensation principles of efficient biota of the Yellow River Delta and the respective responsibilities and obligations for all parties concerned, this paper presents and designs the thoughts of constructing the ecological compensation platform and the ecological compensation mechanism of efficient biota of the Yellow River Delta. Ecological compensation platform construction mainly includes： establishing ecological compensation of government-led trading market platforms, establishing ecological compensation for ecological compensation insurance, futures, mutual funds, securitization transactions as the primary contents of the ecological compensation risk assurance platform, setting up an ecological compensation trade intermediary service platform which consists of related independent certification and monitoring （testing）, assets appraisal, auditing and agent institutions, and establishing ecological compensation regulatory platform. Ecological compensation mechanism needs to systemize legal system construction, finance support, tax adjustment and safeguard measures, for example, promoting the law of ecological compensation, establishing compensation agreement of efficient biota of Yellow River Delta, perfecting and establishing the central financial transfer payment system, longitudinal financial transfer system, and ＂environmental finance＂ system, reforming and innovating the tax system regionally or specially, and building a comprehensive ecological compensation appraisal, evaluation, supervision and management system.