中国建筑业能源效率省际差异及其影响因素分析

Inter-provincial Difference in Energy Efficiency of Construction Industry and Its Influencing Factors in China

我国建筑业存在着高消耗、高污染和低能效等问题。提高建筑业能源效率、降低能源消耗对实现社会经济的可持续发展具有重要意义。本文以中国区域建筑业为研究对象,在全要素能源效率的框架下,基于30个省份2005-2008年的面板数据,利用DEA方法对各省的建筑业能源效率进行测度和评价。结果表明:不同省份建筑业能源效率存在较大差异,其中黑龙江、上海和浙江效率最高,各年的效率值均为1,内蒙古和山东的效率最低,各年的效率值均不足0.3。在此基础上,本文从能源消费结构、产业发展程度、产业组织特征、辅助产业发展程度和科技水平5个方面选取10个变量,利用Tobit回归模型,分析了各变量对能源效率的影响。结果表明:能源消费结构、产业发展程度、产业集中度、市场化程度和外商投资等是导致能源效率省际差异的主要因素。本文建议,应通过提高电力等高效能源的消费比重、适度调整产业结构、提高产业集中度、加强外资引进等措施来提高建筑业能源效率。

The Chinese construction industry has significant impacts on the consumption of natural resources and the generation of pollution and waste with low energy efficiency. In order to achieving sustainable development of the society and economy, it is of great importance to improve the energy efficiency of construction industry. Under the total-factor energy efficiency frame, this paper evaluates the energy efficiency of 30 provinces in China using the DEA method, based on the panel data from 2005 to 2008. The result shows that there are distinct differences on the energy efficiency of construction industry among the different provinces. Heilongjiang, Shanghai and Zhejiang have the highest efficiency with the efficiency value 1 in each year, while Inner Mongolia and Shandong have the lowest efficiency with the efficiency value less than 0. 3. This paper selected 10 variables in five aspects including energy consumption structure, industry development speed, industrial organization characteristics, development of auxiliary industries and technology level, and then uses the Tobit regression method to analyze their influence on energy efficiency. The result shows that energy consumption structure, industry development level, industry concentration, marketing level and foreign investment are the critical influencing factors that cause the inter-provincial differences of energy efficiency. At last, it puts forward some advices to improve the energy efficiency of construction industry, such as improving the consumption ratio of electric power and other highly efficient energy, adjusting the industrial structure appropriately, promoting industrial concentration, and strengthening the introduction of foreign investment.