新教伦理与感时忧国:晚清《鲁滨孙》自西徂东

Robinson Crusoe in Late-Qing Translation:Protestant Ethic and Obsession with China

晚清文学翻译系统有三,分属归化、异化和调适。这三个翻译系统中,Robinson Crusoe各有译本。调适系统较近梁启超的调适思想,采中西杂揉取向。异化系统的译者多是传教士,其译较近原文,基于新教伦理。由异化系统中的粤译本可知,传教士引灵的传教与投机的冒险交缠难分。归化取向和调适取向的文人,多有感时忧国倾向。此两系统中的译者,在译本中创造性地转寄了儒家的现实关怀。三个汉译系统的翻译倾向和特征,一方面说明了晚清《鲁滨孙》自西徂东的不同路向,另一方面也提供了一个视角,借以解释同时期的翻译情况。

In Late-Qing,there were three different translation methods,domestication,alienation,and accommodation.Daniel Defoe＇s most famous novel,Robinson Crusoe,was translated into Chinese according to each method of the three.The accommodative strategy was close to Liang Qichao＇s approach,which combines Western and Chinese perspectives in order to adjust the content to new cultural patterns.The alienation was the Protestant missionaries＇ translation method,which adhered to a strictly literal rendition of the vernacular Cantonese language.From the Cantonese version applying alienation,we can see that spirit-guiding of missionaries was closely connected with speculative risks.Most of traditional Chinese literati,who used domestication and alienation,would have the sense of ＂obsession with China＂.However,all of them conveyed their realistic care of Confucianism.These three translation systems and their features explained the adaptation of the traveling direction which changed to west-to-east direction in the Late-Qing translation of Robinson Crusoe,as well as offered a perspective on the dynamics of translation efforts during the same period.