学官情缘与吴敬梓的小说创作

The Sentimental Bond of Xueguan and the Creation of Wu Jingzi's Novels

学官又称教官,是指古代主管教育行政的官员和官学教师。吴敬梓的科举功名仅为秀才,后来放弃科举考试,反对八股取士。但他与学官的关系非常密切,具有深厚的学官情缘。学官情缘对吴敬梓《儒林外史》产生了重大影响:学官世家、随父宦游学官的经历影响了"修祭泰伯祠"的情节构建;学官情缘直接影响了《儒林外史》的人物塑造;李塨的思想对吴敬梓及《儒林外史》产生了巨大影响;学官世家助长了吴敬梓的门第意识。

Xueguan,also named jiaoguan,refers to the ancient administrative officers in charge of education as well as the teachers in government schools.Wu Jingzi＇s scholarly honour and official rank in the imperial civil examination is only xiucai,one who passed the imperial examination at the county level in the Ming and Qing dynasties.Later he gave up taking the examination and took a stand against selecting scholars by writing eight-part essays.Yet for his deep sentimental bond of xueguan he had close ties with xueguan.The sentimental bond has a great effect on Wu＇s The Scholars： His aristocratic family of xueguan and the experience of going office-hunting following his father in xueguan influenced his construction of the plot of ＂repairing and holding a memorial service for the ancestral temple of Tai Bo＂.And his sentimental bond of xueguan also influences the characterization in The Scholars;the thoughts of xueguan Li Gong have a great effect upon Wu and his The scholars;the aristocratic family of xueguan encourages Wu＇s consciousness of family status.