汪琬与清初古文论争——兼及清初古文“中兴”

Study on Wang Wan's Controversy over Ancient Prose in the Beginning of Qing Dynasty——And its Connection with the "Resurgence of Ancient Prose"

在清初古文复兴大潮中,"清文"创立,"明文"隐退,构成古文运动主流动向。汪琬与清初古文家的论争,对清初古文的"中兴"及清代古文的嬗变都具有重要的理论价值。论争源于易代之变、文风之变、学风之变。大型的论争共有八次,即与周容的第一次与明遗民交锋,与陈僖以文法与明道为中心之争,与吴殳以《正钱录》为中心的与明遗民第二次争锋,与归庄的第三次与明遗民之争,与魏禧的第四次与明遗民之争,与叶燮以文法与八股为中心之争,与阎若璩以经学为中心兼及文章体例之争,与黄宗羲以本之六经、小说笔墨为中心的第五次与明遗民之争。这些激烈的"对话"都关系着清初古文运动的大问题,体现了一代文学思潮的急剧变革与复杂形态。

In the high tide of revival at the beginning of Qing Dynasty,there form the establishment of ＂Ancient Prose of Qing＂ and the disappearing of ＂Ancient Prose of Ming＂,which determines the main stream of the ancient prose movement.The controversy between Wang Wan and contemporaneous prosers has an important academic value for the ＂Resurgence of Ancient Prose＂,as well as for its trend of complete changes.The controversy comes from the changes of monarch,literary style and study style.Of the eight debates in all,there are five against Ming loyalists,the first one along with Zhou Rong,the second one with Wu Shu centered at criticism on Qian Qianyi＇s poesy anthology,the third one with Gui Zhuang,the fourth one with Kui Xi,the last one YanRuo qu mainly about study of Confucian classics and a few on the article pattern and with Huang Zongxi about six classics and novels.And one against Chen Xi focuses on grammar and convey of truth.Also he debates against Ye Xie on his grammatical and eight-part essay＇s ideas（a typical writing style of Ancient China）.All of those heated debates are concerned with big issues of Controversy over Ancient Prose in the Beginning of Qing Dynasty,and shows the sudden changes of literary trend and Complex form.