再论社会危害性——对犯罪本质理论的批判

A Second Study on Social Harmfulness

针对社会危害性概念的批判由来已久,但不管是否定社会危害性的观点还是用其他概念替代的观点,如法益概念,都未能触及问题的核心,即真正有损于犯罪认定的,并不在于这一概念自身的内容是否具有规范性,而是其背后所代表的犯罪本质观念。刑法学的研究不应纠结在何谓犯罪本质上,而应围绕着犯罪成立要件而且围绕着确认犯罪成立的最后一项要件展开。以社会危害性说为代表的犯罪本质论,实质是将追问犯罪的本质作为刑事诉讼的唯一目标,且这一目标的实现仅依赖于对社会危害性的笼统证明,这损害了犯罪认定的逻辑性和科学性。因此,只有取消社会危害性所代表的犯罪本质观念,才能在犯罪认定标准中确立真正的阶层性犯罪论体系。

The concept of social harmfulness has long been criticized. Whatever it is, the negative view of social harmfulness or legal interest, it has failed to address the central issue, the drawbacks of social harmfulness. What really undermines the determination of a crime does not lie in the fact that whether the content of the crime is normative or not but in the underlying nature of the crime represented by its social harmfulness. Criminal law should not focus its studies on what the nature of a crime is but rather the essential elements of a crime and the last essential element with which to determine a crime. Theory of the criminal nature represented by the theory of social harmfulness takes the pursuit of the criminal nature as the sole objective of criminal proceedings and depends on the general proof of social harmfulness to achieve the objective. It undermines the logic and scientific nature of determining a crime. Therefore, only by abolishing social harmfulness which represents the nature of a crime, can the standards of determining a crime be established.