时代交替视野下的明代“北虏”问题

A Reinterpretation on the Mongolian Problem in the Ming Dynasty from the Perspective of Age Turning

无论是在世界史还是在东亚史上,16世纪都是一个重要的时代。正是在这时,明朝深为"北虏南倭"问题所困扰。学界以往对明代"北虏"问题的解释框架,基本上局限于传统的游牧民族与农耕民族冲突史及明蒙关系史。在与其相提并论的"南倭"问题得到新的解释并被置于一个更广阔的海洋贸易史框架后,对"北虏"问题的认识变化依然不大。事实上,在长城沿线发生的、以明朝和蒙古为主角的一系列事件,同样是全球史时代变化的组成部分。这使我们认识到,"内陆史视角"的观察与思考应成为传统的"海洋史视角"的重要补充。

Both in world history and in East Asian history,the 16th century was an important age when the Ming regime was disturbed with the problem made by the Mongolian beyond the Great Wall and the Japanese pirates in the southeast coast.The past explanation framework for the Mongolian problems in the Ming period was basically limited in a conflict history between the nomadic groups and the agricultural groups and in a history of the Ming's relationship with the Mongolia.Even after the question of Japanese Pirates,which is always mentioned relating to the Mongolian questions,has been reinterpreted in a broader framework of the trade history by sea.In fact,these series of events happening along the Great Wall were a part of age turning in the global history.We realize that an observational and thinking perspective from inland could be greatly complementary with the traditional perspective from ocean.