秦汉时期齐鲁贵族迁徙关中考述

An Investigative Comment on the Qi and Lu Gentry's Immigration to the Guanzhong Plains in Times of the Qin and the Han Dynasty

经过秦汉时期的10余次移民,大量的关东移民被迁入关中地区。在迁徙的人口中以六国贵族后裔为主体;六国贵族后裔中,齐楚两国是主体;齐楚贵族后裔中,齐国诸田是主体。同处于齐鲁文化圈内的齐国诸田再加上齐国诸姜、鲁、宋、邹、卫等国移民人口在迁关中的移民中占了绝大多数。迁徙手段主要采取政令强迫,同时也以赐钱、赐物、赐田宅以及免除赋税等优厚的经济利益以诱惑;迁徙的目的主观上起到了增加关中人口、充实诸陵邑、加强对旧贵族势力控制的作用,客观上发展繁荣了关中经济,促进了东西部文化融合,尤其是奠定了以儒家文化为核心的"大一统"国家意识形态的基础。

Large quantities of emigrants from areas east of Hangu Pass settled in the Guanzhong region due to dozens of large-scale migrations in times of the Qin and the Han Dynasty.Of the emigrated population,the mainstay was descendents of the noble families of the six former kingdoms,whose mainstay was noble descendents of the former Qi and Lu kingdoms,whose mainstay was descendents of the Tian families.The descendents of the Tian and Jiang families made the majority of emigrants in Guanzhong together with emigrant populations from the kingdoms of Lu,Song,Zou and Wei.The immigration was imposed either forcefully by official decrees or by temptation of profitable economic interests,such as giving money,materials or lands and premises or exempting tax and fees.It had been subjectively intended to increase the population in Guanzhong,man the labouring force of fiefs and strengthen governmental control over the former gentry.Objectively,however,the immigration helped prosper economy in Guanzhong and promote the fusion between civilizations of western and eastern China.More importantly,it laid the foundation for the shaping of national ideology of ＂grand unification＂ based on Confucianism.