郭店简《六德》篇探析

An Exploratory Analysis of the Chapter of Six Morals in the Bamboo-slips Unearthed in Guodian

郭店简《六德》篇,表达了早期儒家治理人伦社会的主张,反映了早期儒家的政治理念,在早期儒学发展史上占有重要的地位。"六德"的组合,在思维方式上受到原始五行思维的影响。"六德"的呈现,便是顺应"天道"的表现,并以此达到现实秩序的和谐。《六德》篇虽主要论述治理人伦社会的主张,但并非就政治言秩序,而有其形上学根据,即"治人伦以顺天德"。治理人伦世界的具体原则就是处理好"六位"的关系。"六位"又可分为"内、外三位"和"上、下三位"。"内、外三位"的划分,反映出儒家社会伦理基于家庭伦理的思想;"上、下三位"的划分,体现出原始儒家政治思想中的良性互动,且对后世的"三纲说"产生了深远的影响。

The Chapter of Six Morals in the Bamboo-slips unearthed in Guodian took a significant place in the history of development of Confucianism,for it expressed te Confucian advocate for government of ethical society and represented political conceptions of early Confucianism.The configuration of the ＂six morals＂ showed influence of the primitive five-element thinking pattern.The practice of the ＂six morals＂ meant conformity to the heavenly will,thus attaining harmony of realistic order.Although the chapter of Six Morals stated mainly Confucian advocates for governing ethical society,it didn＇t discuss social order from a political view alone.Instead it offered philosophical basis for political government,namely,the idea of ＂carrying out ethical government to conform to the heavenly will＂.The specific principle to govern the ethical world was to deal well with the relationship between ＂six places＂,which were again divided into the ＂internal three and external three places＂ and into the ＂upper three and lower three places＂.The division of the ＂internal three and external three places＂ presented Confucian view of social ethics based on family ethics.And the division of the ＂upper three and lower three places＂ included good interaction in early Confucianism,which was to exercise profound influence on the statement of ＂three cardinal guides＂ which were introduced in later times.