玉米丝黑穗病菌冬孢子萌发条件的研究

STUDIES ON THE GERMINATION OF TELIOSPORE OF MAIZE HEAD SMUT PATHOGEN

试验表明,玉米丝黑穗病菌冬孢子萌发无需生理后熟休眠过程,其离体干藏的菌粉侵染力可保持5年以上。冬孢子的萌发温幅为11—33℃,最适萌发温度为23—30℃。该菌在蒸馏水中萌发率极低,以甜菜糖、木糖、蔗糖和果糖供作碳源,萌发量明显提高,尤以2％的甜菜糖液最佳,但易被多种真菌污染。将菌粉与金刚砂混合并轻度振荡5分钟,再以2％甜菜糖液为浮载剂,在24℃下培养72小时,萌发率可稳定在60％以上,且不受其它杂菌干扰。

The fungus dust of teliospores of maize head smut pathogen wasable to survive more than 5 years in a state of dry storage and theteliospore germination needn't a physiological mature process.Therange of the temperature adapted to the teliospore germination wasfrom 11℃ 33℃ with optimum temperatures 23℃ to 30℃.When thetemperature was higher than 33℃ or lower than 11℃ the teliosporeswere difficult to germinate. The examination result of teliospore germination indicated thatxylose,beet sugar,sucrose and fructose were the best for germinationamong 13 kinds of sugar.When the fungus dust was rubbed to makea light wound by the carborundium and then cultivated in hangingdrops of 2% beet sugar solution for 72 hr.at 24℃,the teliospore ger-mination rate could reach 50.8 to 65.4%.