普遍之爱与特殊之爱的统一如何可能——以宋明儒者仁义说为中心的考察

How to Unite Universal Love with Particular Love——A Focus on Song Ming Neo-Confucianist Theory of Humanity and Righteousness

孔孟儒家倡导一套以仁义为核心、仁义互补的伦理学说,仁以普遍之爱为其实质内涵,义既指向仁,又是对仁的节制。义的原则体现为在普遍之爱中又有差等之爱。宋明儒者继承和发挥了孔孟的仁义学说,并通过"万物一体"说和"理一分殊"说为仁(普遍之爱)义(差等之爱)的合理性提供了本体论的证明。在普遍与特殊之间保持一定张力的儒家伦理,也较为符合生活世界的原型。

Both Confucius and Mencius initiated an ethical theory of humanity (ren) and righteousness (yi). The nature of humanity was aiming at a kind of universal love, and the implication of righteousness was aiming at humanity and also a regulation of humanity. The principle of righteousness found expression in the graded particular love embraced in universal love. Neo-Confucianism succeeded and developed original Confucianism’s theory of humanity and righteousness, and especially provided a set of ontological proof through its theory of 'all things as one' and 'one as multiplicity'. The opposition and unity of humanity and righteousness reflects the opposition and unity of Confucian ethical universality and particularity. This also conforms to the real life world.