人参黑斑病的综合防治研究

STUDIES ON THE INTEGRATED CONTROL OF GINSENG BLACK SPOT (ALTERNARIA PANAX WHETZ) IN CHINA

我国人参黑斑病常年发病率为20—30％,严重时高达90％,是造成参根和种子大幅度减产的主要原因。人参种子带菌,病粒率为1.8—11.5％,孢子负荷量为0—1.8。处理的裂口籽带菌率为60％,未裂口的带菌率为85％。分生孢子室内存活310—339天,埋入地下10厘米处菌丝体,第二年6月全部腐烂。带菌的人参种籽、种苗是新参园的初侵染源。参棚和参床的茎、叶病残体及土壤带菌是老参园黑斑病的主要侵染源。限据黑斑病发病的生态条件、人参参龄、不同生育阶段与发病的关系,提出了预测预报和药剂防治的指标及综合防治的途径。

The Alternaria panax of Ginseng has been found very destructive inalmost all Ginseng growing areas of Liaoning,Jilin and HeilongjiangProvinces.Usually,about 20% to 30% of the plants are infected,occationally,up to 90%.Heavy losses in yield and quality of theproducts due to the disease are recorded. Our study has determined the cycle of infection,the spore load onseed (0—1.8),ecological conditions of epidemic disease and the rela-tionship between different growing stages of Ginsing and disease develop-ment.A significant reduction of infected plants and leaf area byAlternaria panax was observed when sprayed with Iprodione,Mancozebor Polyoxins.