玉米镰刀菌茎腐病发生规律及防治试验

STUDIED ON THE OCCURRENCE OF FUSARIUM STALK ROT OF CORN AND ITS CONTROL

病株分离结果以镰刀菌占绝大多数,其中以串珠镰刀菌(Fusarium moniliforme)最为普遍,是广西玉米茎腐病的主要病原,在少数病区还分离到同色镰刀菌(Fusarium concolor),人工接种均能致病。病残体、病田土壤和病株种子是此病的初侵染来源。品种间对茎腐病的抗病性有显著差异,且有相对的稳定性。秋玉米发病较春玉米重。选用抗病品种,改善栽培技术,施足基肥,多施农家肥,注意NPK肥的配合施用,特别要增施钾肥,是防治茎腐病的有效措施。

Fusarium strains were isolated from the diseased tissues of corn.Fusarium moniliforme was the most universal among the strains of Fusa-rium spp.It seemed to be the major pathogen causing stalk rot ofcorns in Guangxi.Fusarium concolor was also isolated from diseased cornsin a few regions.Both of them were uroved to be pathogens by themethod of artificial inoculation.Injection or soil-infecting method withdamaged roots was used for inoculation of corn in the field.The lattermethod was better than the former one. The residues of diseased plants,the soil containing the fungus andthe infected seeds were primary sources of infection for the stalk rotof corn.The resistances of different varieties to the stalk rot weredifferent obviously and were relatively stable.The disease in autumn-sowing corn was more serious than in spring-sowing corn.The cornsplanted in rice field,or in low ground and damp soil,or with over-close planting,or with over-use of nitrogenous fertilizer,or in barrensoils would suffer the disease more seriously. The disease can be controlled by using resistant corn varieties andimproving cultivation techniques.Basic marure including compost andbarnyard manure must be applied sufficiently.Nitrogenous,phosphateand potash fertilizers ought to be applied properly.And exceptionallyapplying more potash fertilizer would lead to less losses caused fromstalk rot.These are effective control measures to stalk rot of corn.