从霍布斯与愚人之争反思霍布斯的人性理论

Rethinking Hobbes′s Theory of Human Nature via the Quarrel with the Fool

霍布斯与愚人的争论关系到他的整个理论体系,本文首先概括了霍布斯与愚人之争的概貌,指明了汉普顿的解释中所存在的问题。汉普顿的解释认为愚人所代表的经济人模型才是霍布斯的人性理论的本质。然而汉普顿的解释是对霍布斯的错误解读,以愚人为代表经济人模型恰恰是霍布斯所要反对的。霍布斯的人性理论强调的是逃避死亡的欲望的绝对优先性,而这也显示了霍布斯的人性理论的修辞特质。

The quarrel between Hobbes and the fool is so important in his whole theory system.This paper outlines their argument,and points out the problems of Hampton′s interpretation.In Hampton′s view,the model of economic man which represented by the fool is the nature of Hobbes′s human nature theory.However,it is indeed a serious misunderstanding of Hobbes.Hobbes precisely tried to oppose the model of economic man.In Hobbes′s human nature theory,he emphasized the absolute priority of the desire to escape the death,which also showed the rhetorical character of his human nature theory.