语义系统的多属性与多功能

Multi-attributes and Multi-functions of the Semantic System

语义系统是研究者为了达到某种目的,满足某种需求而建构出来的理论产物。语义系统是客观与主观共同作用下的产物。客观性指的是语义系统的建构都要在实际客观世界中是有所本的,这是语义系统真实性、合理性、科学性的根本所在。同时它又充盈着主观性。这个主观性就是来源于研制者对语义世界的认识、取舍;来源于对研制语义系统的目标、作用、功能的定位。语义系统既有普适性也有民族性,既有通用性也有针对性很强的应用性。语义系统有着多种功能。能服务于人,也可以服务于机器;既能满足于人的社会认知、词语学习与交际应用需求,也能满足于机器的计算、测量的需要。评价语义系统是否贴切、是否得体、是否有效,首先应该从宏观入手,从外部入手。这里有着三个关键问题,就是语义系统的性质、语义系统的功能、语义系统的研制方法。

The semantic system is a theoretical product that the researcher creates to achieve some purpose and meet some requirements. It is the result of the interaction between objectivity and subjectivity. Objectivity refers to the correspondence between the semantic world and the actual world, which shows the authenticity, the reasonability and the scientificity of the semantic system. Subjec- tivity is derived from the researcher＂ s understanding of the semantic world. It also depends on the goals of developing the semantic system and its {unctions. The system has universality as well as na- tionality, and has both generality and application which aims at one target. Therefore it is a multipur- pose system which could offer more effective service to people and computers. The assessment of the appropriateness and efficiency of this system relies on a macro-approach which covers the attribution, the function and the research method of the system.