精液源性病毒感染增强因子SEVI-HIV性传播中的重要因素

Semen-derived Enhancer of Viral Infection-a Key Factor in Sexual Transmission of HIV

精液源性病毒增强因子(Semen-derived enhancer of viral infection,SEVI)是前列腺酸性磷酸酶(Prostatic acidphosphatase,PAP)位于PAP248-286的多肽片段,可增强人免疫缺陷病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)的感染性。SEVI促进HIV感染的作用机制包括:①富含阳离子氨基酸残基的SEVI能通过静电作用降低HIV病毒颗粒与靶细胞之间的静电排斥;②SEVI在人体液中呈无序状态,利于病毒与靶细胞膜相互作用;③SEVI直接捕获HIV颗粒,提高病毒在靶细胞表面沉降速度,促进病毒与靶细胞的吸附和融合。目前已发现能抑制SEVI活性的物质包括:绿茶来源的EGCG(没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯)、氨基喹啉类小分子化合物Surfen、ThT类似物BTA-EG6等,能通过阻断HIV与SEVI结合或阻止其淀粉样纤维的形成,降低SEVI的病毒感染增强作用。研究SEVI的生物学特性及作用机制对防治HIV感染具有较为重要的指导意义。

Semen-derived enhancer of viral infection（SEVI） is a peptide fragment（PAP248-286） from prostatic acid phosphatase（PAP）,which can enhance human immunodeficiency virus infection.The mechanisms of SEVI include： ① SEVI with several cationic amino acid residues reduced electrostatic repulsion between HIV virus and the target cells;②The disorder state of SEVI in the human body fluids was helpful to the interaction between virus and the target cell membranes;③SEVI could capture HIV particles directly and speed the velocity of virus on the surface of the target cells and improve adsorption and fusion.Currently,the substances of inhibiting SEVI activity include： EGCG from green tea,small molecule compound of aminoquinoline Surfen,ThT analogs BTA-EG6.Those compounds might block the combination of HIV and SEVI or prevent the formation of amyloid fibers,and then reduce the enhancement of SEVI.The studies on the biological characteristics and mechanisms of SEVI have a big benefit for the prevention and treatment of HIV infection.