广西水岩坝钨锡矿废弃地重金属污染与生态修复

Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and Ecological Restoration in the Abandoned Land of Tungsten/Stannum Mine in Shuiyanba,Guangxi

为探明广西水岩坝钨锡矿废弃地重金属污染的基本情况,寻求合适的生态修复方法,对尾矿库区废弃地、周边土壤以及植物进行大面积的抽样调查。结果表明:尾矿库区废弃地和周边土壤重金属镉和砷严重超标,尾矿库区土壤成为一个潜在的污染源,重金属不断向周边土壤迁移扩散。芥菜的生物富集系数较大,类似的植物不适宜作为土地复垦植物,玉米的生物富集系数最小,适宜在污染相对较小的土地复垦中选用。尾矿库区土壤重金属污染相当严重,农作物的重金属含量高,不适宜进行简单的土地复垦而应该进行植物恢复或采取工程措施防止水土流失和重金属迁移扩散。

The soil heavy metal pollution in the abandoned land of tungsten/stannum mines was determined by surveying the abandoned land, surrounding soil and plants in the tailing pond to explore the suitable biological restoration method. The results showed that the soil in the tailing pond became a potential pollution source because Cd and As content in the abandoned land and surrounding soil was serious excessive, which insulted in transferring and diffusing of heavy metals towards surrounding soils continuously. The mustard-like plants with a high biological concentration coefficient could be used as the suitable plants for land reclamation but maize with a low biological concentration coefficient could be used as the suitable plant for land reclamation with relative little pollution. As the heavy metal content in crops planted in the soils of the tailing pond with serious heavy metal pollution was so high, the vegetation restoration and project measures should be used to control soil erosion, transferring and diffusing of heavy metals in the tailin~ r^ond.