“负地接”的成因与后果——兼评《旅行社条例》

Why Reverse-payment Reception:The Contractual Arrangements of Tourism Industry in China

中国新兴旅游市场和游客群体的特点,使跟团旅游模式盛行,旅行社和导游控制着游客的消费渠道,从而有机会得到购物回扣。得自回扣的额外收入加剧了竞争,促使地接社以负地接条件接团,也使游客获得超低团费待遇。由于回扣收入波动较大,旅行社与导游为节约谈判费用而选择分成安排,形成导游零工资现象。游客的搭便车心理,有助于解释为什么在纠纷频繁的情况下负地接模式仍会持续。《旅行社条例》有助于避免合同的模糊性引起的误解和争议,但禁止负地接和要求签订劳动合同的措施并不能从根本上解决诱导购物问题。

The widespread travel-in-group practice makes it possible for tourist guides to get kickbacks by alluring tourists to do shopping. Tourist guides usually make payment to travel agencies to compete for opportunities of serving the tourist groups of high-shopping inclination, which is also called reverse-payment reception. Competition drives the price offered to these tourists extremely low. Due to the uncertainty of kickback income, tourist guides and travel agencies may replace wage eontraet with share contract to save negotiation cost. The free-fide incentive of tourists contributes to explaining why the conflicts between tourists and tourist guides are so frequent and tense, and why travel agencies could not change to a more decent business strategy.