抛物碟式太阳能聚光器的聚光特性分析与设计

Performance Analysis and Design of Paraboloidal Dish Solar Concentrators

点聚焦碟式太阳能聚光反射器,应用光线追迹法模拟分析了存在太阳张角时,相同开口采光面积、不同形状的聚光器分别在相同焦距、相同边缘角情况下的聚光特性。考虑到太阳形状、开口采光面形状、抛物面焦距、抛物面边缘角及接收器的遮挡作用等几何因素,并结合旋转抛物面聚光器的光学特性,建立了模拟仿真的几何模型。采用光线追迹法直观地模拟了聚光接收面上的平均能流分布特性。为对聚光器的聚光特性进行定量评价,采用了面积效率因子的概念。模拟结果表明,采光面积相同时,等焦距的4种不同开口形状的聚光器具有相近的聚光能流比;等边缘角时,除圆形聚光器外的3种聚光器有较大光能损失。设计了多碟共焦聚光器,用低聚光比聚光器组合达到高倍聚光效果,并分析了聚光特性,为碟式太阳能聚光反射系统的设计和优化提供了参考。

For paraboloidal dish solar concentrators, the concentrating characteristics of concentrators with different apertures but the same area are investigated respectively with the same focal length and the same rim angle through the ray tracing. Considering several geometric factors including the influence of the sun shape, the shape of apertures, focal length and rim angle of paraboloidal dish, the shadow of receivers and so on, with the optical properties of concentrators, the geometric models for simulation are established, and the average flux distribution on the receivers is simulated and drawn with the software of TracePro. In order to make a quantitative evaluation for the concentrating performance of concentrators, the concept of efficiency factor of area is applied. The results of simulation show that when the area of apertures is same, with different shapes and identical focal length are similar. angle, the average flux distributions have large attenuation the average flux distributions for the four concentrators However, for those with different shapes but same rim except the concentrator with circular aperture. The solar concentrator of multiple panels with the same focal point is designed, and its concentrating performance is analyzed. The simulation results could present a useful reference for design and optimization of the solar paraboloidal dish concentrator.