空间目标色温测量的波段选择

Band Selection in Measurement of Colour Temperature of Space Object

针对某空间目标色温测量技术,提出了一种可用于选择最优波段和提高系统温度分辨力与测温灵敏度的方法。基于目标不同波长辐亮度的比对,推导了目标单色辐射率之比与标准黑体波长及色温之间的关系,建立了目标色温测量数学模型,从而巧妙地绕开辐射率对测温工作的不利影响。同时建立了波段优选评价函数数学模型,并通过分析系统的温度分辨力及测温灵敏度与探测波段之间的关系优选探测波段,提高了色温测量的精度。基于红外系统进行的波段选择仿真结果表明,在8.0～8.5μm范围内,当波段宽度取60 nm时,对温度为200～300 K的空间目标进行色温测量的温度分辨力最高可达到0.07 K。对不同温度目标的温度分辨力与测温灵敏度分别平均提高了7.9%和11.3%。通过波段优选可以有效提高温度分辨力及测温灵敏度,为空间目标探测与识别装置的研制提供了技术支持。

According to a space object color temperature measurement technology,a method for selecting optimal waveband and improving temperature resolving power and sensitivity of a space object detection system is proposed.Comparing the radiance values of a space object at different wavelengths, the relation between the homochromatic radiance and the wavelength and temperature of a standard blackbody is deduced.A mathematic model for measuring the temperature of a space object is established. Thus,the negative influence of the emissivity on temperature measurement is avoided.In addition, a mathematic model for optimizing the waveband is established.By analyzing the relation between the temperature resolving power and sensitivity and the detection waveband,the optimal detection band is selected for the system and its temperature measurement accuracy is improved.This waveband selection based on an infrared system is simulated.The result shows that when the bandwidth of 60 nm is selected in the range from 8.0 to 8.5μm,the detection system has its temperature resolving power up to 0.07 K for a space object with a temperature of 200 to 300 K.Its temperature resolving power and sensitivity are increased by 0.079 and 0.113 respectively.The waveband optimization is very useful for the improvement of the temperature resolving power and sensitivity of a space object detection system.This work can provide fundamental support for the development of space object detection and recognition equipment.