儿童哮喘控制现状及家长对疾病认知水平的调查

The investigation on the control status of asthma and the cognitive level of parental awareness to the disease

目的:了解儿童哮喘控制现状及家长对疾病认知水平。方法:对168例哮喘患者及家长进行儿童哮喘控制测试(C-ACT),根据"全国哮喘儿童家长知信行"调查协作组制作调查问卷及本地区具体情况制定的问卷进行调查。所有问卷均由医生逐项指导每位患儿及家长填写问卷并于当日收回,逐项审查问卷,对问卷中填写不清楚的部分逐一向患儿及家长进行核准。结果:参加C-ACT测试168例,测试有效157例,完全控制率为6.37%,部分控制率39.50%,没有控制率54.14%,完全控制与部分控制的比例为45.87%。认为"哮喘的本质为气道炎症性疾病"者占70.70%,认为"持续期哮喘应每日规律使用吸入型激素"者占56.68%,认为"长期吸入激素对患儿生长发育有严重影响"者占32.48%,认为"短效β2激动剂的使用指征为急性加重或短暂发作"者占43.31%,未使用峰流速仪主要原因为"医生从未介绍过"者占80.25%,知道哮喘的治疗目标为"长期良好或完全控制"者占79.62%,哮喘急性发作的处理只有22.93%选用速效β2受体激动剂,哮喘患儿病情控制情况下仍有35.03%不让孩子参加任何运动。结论:儿童哮喘病整体控制不理想,有部分患儿家长对儿童哮喘认知水平较低,患儿家长缺乏哮喘知识及患儿没有系统管理是导致哮喘病情反复加重的重要原因。

Objective：To investigate on the control status of asthma and the cognitive level of parental awareness to the disease.Methods：168 cases of asthma patients and their parents were choose and tested by asthma control test（C-ACT）.The questionnaires were made for the study according to the questionnaires made by the investigate and collaborative group named ＂ national parents of children with asthma KAP＂ and the region＇s specific conditions.All questionnaires were filled by children and their parents guided by doctor one by one and retaken at the same day.The questionnaire were reviewed item by item,the questionnaires which were not clear were taken them one by one to children and their parents for approval,the questionnaire which could not be analyzed were deleted.Results：168 cases were participated in C-ACT test,157 cases of test were valid,and the rate of full control was 6.37%,the rate of partial control was 39.5%,the rate of without control was 54.14%.The ratio of full control and partial control were 45.87%.70.70% of the parents thought that the nature of asthma was airway inflammatory diseases,56.68% of the parents thought that the inhaled steroid should be used during the duration,32.48% of the parents thought that long-term inhalation of growth hormone had serious implications for children,43.31% of the parents thought that the agonists indications of short effective use of β2 was acute exacerbation or attack accounted,80.25% of the parents thought that the main reason of without using peak flow meter was that doctors hadn＇t introduce,79.62% of the parents known the target of long-term treatment was asthma well or totally controlled,only 22.93% selectedβ2-receptor agonists for the acute asthma treatment.35.03% of children with the disease under the control were kept without any movement.Conclusion：The overall control of asthma in children is not ideal.Some parents have lower cognitive level about asthma.The lack of asthma knowledge for parents and without system management of children are the important reason for repeated exacerbations of asthma.