集体主义背景下的宽恕研究及其对心理治疗的启示

Forgiveness in Collectivism Culture and Its Enlightenment to Forgiveness Intervention

以往的宽恕理论和宽恕干预的方法多是基于西方个人主义文化背景的,缺乏集体主义背景下的相关研究。在集体主义背景下,被冒犯者应对伤害的方式、宽恕的策略以及影响宽恕的人格特质都与个人主义有明显的区别。此外,跨文化的宽恕模型也从不同角度描述了集体主义背景下的宽恕,决定性宽恕和情绪性宽恕模型区分了不同形式的宽恕在不同文化中的表现;基于自我和人格特质的宽恕模型描述了不同背景下影响宽恕的人格因素;宽恕的动态过程模型描述了宽恕过程中的文化影响因素。对于这些内容的总结也对集体主义背景下的宽恕干预具有一定的启示作用。

Existing research on forgiveness and forgiveness intervention was based on western culture,and few had included samples in collectivist settings.Under collectivist settings,the way people react to the offense;their forgiveness strategy and the personality factors are different compared with those under individualist settings.Apart from that,models for cross-cultural forgiveness have described forgiveness in collectivist cultures from various aspects.The model of decisional forgiveness and emotional forgiveness distinguishes the manifestation of forgiveness in individual and collectivism cultures;the model based on self and personality addresses the personality factors under distinct backgrounds;the dynamic process model investigates the cultural factors in forgiveness.The review is useful for the application of forgiveness intervention in collectivist culture.