山西省青少年跳高运动员的体能特征分析

The Research of Physical Characteristics of Teenager High-jumpers in Shanxi Province

跳高项目属于体能主导类快速-力量项目,体能的发展水平直接决定着跳高运动员专项成绩的发展水平。文章对山西省青少年跳高运动员的体能特征进行了研究,结果表明:山西省青少年女子跳高运动员的下肢比例均值低于标准,但无显著差异;男子的身高、克托莱指数、下肢比例、踝围比跟腱和大小腿比例和女子其余四项均值都达到了选材的标准;山西省青少年跳高运动员的心功指数较差;山西省青少年跳高运动员的身体素质较为全面,但耐力素质和力量素质相对较差。如何把专项速度和专项力量科学的结合起来成为青少年跳高运动员的最重要的问题,也是提高专项成绩最有效的途径。

High jump is fast - power project which belongs to the type of physical leading, so the level of physical development directly determines the development of special scores of high jumpers. Through the research of physical characteristics of teenager high-jumpers in Shanxi, it is found that the proportion of teenager female high jumper＇s lower limbs below standard but no significant differences, the proportion of man＇s height ,Gram index, lower limbs, ankle, Achilles and legs as well the other four average indexes of women get to the standards of athletes selection . Heart function indices of teenager high-jumper in Shanxi are too weak but physical quality developed comprehensively. Stamina diathesis and power quality is rehdvely poor. How to combine the special speed and special strength is becoming the most important thing for teenager high-jumpers and the most effective way to improve the score.