民间借贷、高利贷与非法发放贷款疑难问题探究——兼对“非法发放贷款”入罪观点之批驳

"高利贷"作为一个被批判的词语在市场经济中只是一个俗语,但何谓高利贷并不明确;实际上高利贷处于民间借贷(高级阶段)和非法发放贷款(初级阶段)两者之间,起到承上启下的作用。容易混淆的是民间借贷与非法发放贷款两者之间,其区别主要在于性质和属性不同,民间借贷具有制度层面的合法性和非业务性,非法发放贷款与之相反。有学者主张对非法发放贷款(高级形式的高利贷)以非法经营罪论处,但非法发放贷款行为在取证上非常困难,且社会危害性并不严重以及在认定是否"违反国家规定"上尚存争议;另外,一旦将其入罪将会导致罪责刑失衡,因而需等司法解释明确后再以非法经营罪论处为妥。

Abstract： Usury is just a colloquial word as a derogatory word in market economy, but the definition of usury is not so clear. Actually usury is a connection link between folk debit/credit and illegal lending. We usually confuse with the characters and features between the two ways. Folk debit and credit has the legitimacy and not act in a business way, however, illegal lending was opposite. There is the suggestion that illegal lending should be called as the crime of illegal business operations. But it has so many com- plicated reasons and it is hard to get a proof. Moreover we should be more cautious on researching incrime about the illegal lending when there is still an argument existing in this problem.