也论梁启超的新史学思想——以《李鸿章》传为例

Reflection on LIANG Qi-chao's New Idea of Historiography——A Case in Point of The Biography of Li Hung-chang

梁启超是中国近代新史学的开创者之一,在历史理论方面作出了杰出贡献,而《李鸿章》传是其新史学思想形成初期阶段的一部传记作品,通篇体现着梁启超对自己所提出的"新史学"理论的认真思考和实践。故文章以《李鸿章》传为代表,对梁启超逃亡日本前期初步形成的新史学观点进行综合分析,提出如下判断:维新救国的政治理想和实践是梁启超资产阶级新史学产生的根源,《李鸿章》传作为一部其新旧史学思想过渡转型时期的著述,从对旧史学的批判、新政治理想的萌发、传论结合新文风的开创、史学比较方法的运用等方面体现着梁启超对所倡导的资产阶级新史学的初步尝试,因此这部传记作品与其他时期的传记著述相比,具有较高的学术价值。

LIANG Qi-chao is one of the early founders of new historiography in modern China, and con- tributes to historical theory. The Biography of Li Hung-chang completed in the initial stage of new idea of historiography reflects LIANG Qi-chao＇s consideration and practice on new historiography theory. So the essay will take The Biography of LI Hung-chang as a case in point, analyses the LIANG Qi-chao＇s early new historiography theory, and draws such conclusions： the ideal and practice of saving the nation is the source of new historiography theory; The Biography of LI Hung-chang is a book of the old historiography theory transitioning to the new historiography theory, criticizing the old historiography, sprouting new political ideal, creating the new means of the record combining the comment, exercising of the method in comparison with historiography, and so on. They reflect LIANG Qi-chao＇s attempt on the new historiography theory, so The Biography of LI Hung-chang compared with other biographies possesses more academic value.